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EFFECT OF EARLY FEED RESTRICTION ON PROTEIN AND ENERGY BALANCE IN BROILER

U. Santoso
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bengkulu University
Jalan Raya Kandang Limun, Bengkulu, Indonesia

ABSTRACT
This experiment was conducted to evaluate effect of early feed restriction on energy and protein balance in broiler chickens. One hundred and eighty broilers were distributed to four treatment group with 45 broilers for each group. Broilers were fed ad libitum through out the experiment as the control, and other three groups were fed 75% ad libitum for 5, 10 or 15 days started at 5 days of age. The present results showed that early feed restriction improved the balance of energy and protein in broiler chickens. There was negative correlation between protein retention and feed conversion ratio. Energy retention was also negatively correlated with feed conversion ratio. In conclusion restricting broiler chickens for 15 days started from 5 days of age improved the retension of protein and energy.
Key Words: Energy Retention, Protein Retention, Early Feed Restriction

Effect of High-Protein and Fat Realimentation Diets on Growth and Fat Deposition in Broiler Chickens Aged Twenty Eight Days

Urip Santoso
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bengkulu University, Bengkulu Indonesia

Abstract:
The present study was conducted to evaluate effect of high-protein and fat realimentation diet on performance and fat accumulation in females broilers aged twenty eight. Forty seven days old female broilers were distributed into four groups. One group were fed ad libitum (21% crude protein) as the control. Other three groups were feed restricted to meet energy requirement for maintenance for 6 days, and then during refeeding they received diet 30% protein with 1% fat, 30% protein with 2.5% fat and 30% protein with 5.4% fat, respectively. Experimental results showed that feeding 30% protein diet with low fat stimulated catch-up growth, whereas feeding 30% feeding diet with high fat did not. Feeding 30% protein with low fat increased carcass weight (P<0.01), reduced abdominal fat, carcass triglyceride. In conclusion, feeding high-protein realimentation: diet stimulated catch-up growth and reduced fat accumulation. Feeding high-protein plus high-fat realimentation diet did not resulted in catch-up growth and recovered carcass triglyceride content. (Jurnal Peternakan dan Lingkungan, 7 (3): 1-5, 2001

Key words: High-protein plus fat Realimentation Diet, Catch-up Growth, For Accumulation

Effects of Early Physical Feed restriction on Growth, Serum Lipid Fractions and Meat Composition in Unsexed Broiler Chikens

Urip Santoso
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bengkulu University, Bengkulu Indonesia

Abstract: This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of physical early feed restriction on growth, serum lipid fractions and meat composition of broiler chickens. Five hundred broilers (7 days of age) were divided into 10 groups and five times repetition.one group was fed ad libitum as the control group and the other nine groups were fed 25% ad libitum for 3, 6 or 9 days, 50% ad libitum for 3, 6 or 9 days, and 75% ad libitum for 3, 6 or 9 days. Thereafter, they were fed ad libitum to 42 days of age. The broilers were fed with a commercial starter diet from 1 to 28 days of age, and commercial finisher diet from 29 to 42 days of age. The broilers were weighed individually on a weekly basic except during the feed restriction period. The feed comsumption was recorded daily. The results showed that broilers showed compensatory growth if they were fed 75% ad libitum for 3, 6 or 9 days, or 50% ad libitum for 3 days. The feed coversion ratio was significantly lower in broilers fed 25% ad libitum for 6 or 9 days, 50% ad libitum for 3 or 9 days, 75% ad libitum for 3 days (P<0.05). Triglyceride concentration in serum was significantly lower in restricted broilers (P<0.01), whereas cholesterol concentration was not different. Abdominal fat was not significantly different. Ash meat was significantly higher in restricted broilers the content of moisture, fat, and protein in meat was not significantly different. In conclusion, to achieve the best results, broilers should be fed 75% or 50% ad libitum for 3 days. (Majalah Ilmiah Peternakan, 5 (3): 73-77, 2002).
Key words : Early feed restriction, compensatory growth, meat composition, broiler

Effect Of House Type And Early Feed Restriction On Performance And Fat Deposition In Unsexed Broilers.

Urip Santoso
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bengkulu University, Bengkulu Indonesia

Abtract: The present experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of house type and early feed restriction on performance and fat deposition of unsexed broilers. Four hundreds seven-day-old unsexed broilers (Arbor Acres CP 707) were distributed into eight treatment groups. Each treatment group was represented by five replicates of ten broilers each. Two types of house (cage vs litter) and four levels of feeding (ad libitum, 75% ad libitum, 50% ad libitum and 25% ad libitum) were tested as treatment factors.Broilers were feed-restricted for 6 days from 7 to 13 days of age and thereafter they were fed ad libitum. Feed intake of restricted broilers during restriction period was calculated from feed consumed by ad libitum group in the previous day. Results showed that unsexed broilers raised in litter had higher body weight (P<).05), lower abdominal fat and higher triglyceride concentration at 42 days of age (P<0.05), and lower liver fat and higher carcass percentage at 56 days of age (P<0.05). Early feed restriction reduced body weight of 42-days old unsexed broilers except for broilers fed 75% ad libitum. At 56 days of age, restricted broilers had similar body weight to those fed ad libitum. At 56 days of age, broilers fed 25% ad libitum had lower FCR (P<0.0%0, lower abdominal fat (P<0.05) and lower triglyceride concentration (P<0.05). In conclusion, unsexed broilers fed 25% ad libitum showed compensatory growth with better FCR and lower fat accumulation at 56 days of age. Broilers raised in litter had higher body weight and lower abdominal fat and liver fat deposition. (JITV, 7 (2): 84-89.
Key words: house type, early feed restriction, fat deposition, unsexed broilers

Effects of Early Feed Restriction on Growth, Fat Accumulation and Meat Composition in Unsexed Broiler Chickens

Urip Santoso
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bengkulu University, Bengkulu Indonesia

Abstract: The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of early feed restriction on growth, fat accumulation and meat composition in unsexed broiler chickens. Five hundred 7-day-old unsexed broiler chickens were distributed into ten treatment groups with 5 pens of 10 broilers each group. One group was fed ad libitum as the control and other nine groups were fed 25% ad libitum for 3, 6 or 9 days, 50% ad libitum for 3, 6, or 9 days, and 75% ad libitum for 3, 6 or 9 days, respectively. Thereafter, they were fed ad libitum to 56 days of age. The present results showed that broilers showed compensatory growth when they were restrict-refed. Feed conversion ratio was significantly lower in broilers fed 25% ad libitum for 9 days (P<0.05). Triglyceride concentration of serum was significantly lower in restricted unsexed broilers (P<0.01), whereas cholesterol concentration was not significantly different. Abdominal fat was significantly lower in broilers fed 25% ad libitum for 9 days, 50% ad libitum for 3 days and 75% ad libitum for 6 or 9 days (P<0.05). Moisture and protein contents of meats were not significantly affected. Ash content of meat was significantly higher in restricted broilers. Fat content of meat was lower broilers fed 25% ad libitum for 9 days, 75% ad libitum for 3 or 9 days. In conclusion, broilers showed compensatory growth when they were restrict-refed at an early age. In order to achieve the success of early feed restriction (namely reduce fat accumulation and improve feed conversion ratio with comparable body weight at market age) unsexed broilers should be fed at level of 25% ad libitum for 9 days starting at 7 days of age. (Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci., 2001, 14 (11): 1585-1591.
Key words: early feed restriction, compensatory growth, meat composition, unsexed broilers

Effects of early Feed Restriction on Breast and Leg Meat Composition and Plasma Lipid Concentration in Unsexed Broiler Chickens Reared in Cages

Urip Santoso
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bengkulu University, Bengkulu Indonesia

Abstract: The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of early feed restriction on fat accumulation and meat composition in unsexed broiler chickens. In experiment 1, three hundred and fifty one-day-old broiler chicks were divided into 7 groups. Each treatment group was represented by five replicates of ten broilers each. One group was fed ad libitum as the control group and the other six groups were fed 25% ad libitum (25% multiplied by amount of feed intake of ad libitum chickens at the previous day) for 4 or 6 days, 50% ad libitum for 4 or 6 days, and 75% ad libitum for 4 or 6 days. In experiment 2, five hundred broiler chickens were divided into 10 groups. Each treatment group was represented by five replicates of ten broilers each. One group was fed ad libitum as the control group. Three ages of feed restriction initial timing (2, 4 or 6 days of age) and three types of feed restriction (physical restriction, meal feeding, and diet dilution) were used in this experiment. They were feed-restricted for 6 days. Experimental results showed that broilers fed 25% ad libitum for 4-6 days tended to reduce leg meat fat with lower abdominal fat (P<0.05) (experiment 1). Breast meat fat was significantly higher in restricted broilers (P<0.01). Plasma triglyceride was higher in broilers fed 75% ad libitum for 4-6 days. In experiment 2, abdominal fat was lower in restricted broilers (P<0.05). Breast meat fat was significantly higher (P<0.01), whereas leg meat fat was significantly lower (P<0.05) in restricted broilers. Plasma triglyceride was significantly higher in physical feed restriction for 4 days, meal feeding for 4 days and diet dilution for 6 days (P<0.05). In conclusion, to reduce fat accumulation in abdomen and leg meat, broilers should be fed 25% ad libitum for 6 days started at 4 days of age, or subjected to meal feeding (6 hours per day for 6 days) started at 6 days. (Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci., 15 (10):1475-1481, 2002).
Key words: early feed restriction, breast meat, leg meat, plasma lipid, unsexed broilers

Effects of Early Feed Restriction on the Occurrence of Compensatory Growth, Feed Conversion Efficiency, Leg Abnormality and Mortality in Unsexed Broiler Chickens Reared in Cages

Urip Santoso

Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bengkulu University, Bengkulu Indonesia

 

Abstract: Two experiment were conducted to evaluate the effect of early feed restriction on growth, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and mortality in unsexed broiler chickens. In experiment 1, 350 one-day-old broiler chickens were divided into 7 groups. Each  treatment group was represented by five replicates of ten broilers each. One group was fed ad libitum as the control group and the other  six groups were fed 25% ad libitum (25% multiplied by amount of feed intake of ad libitum chickens at the previous day) for 4 or 6 days, 50% ad libitum for 4 or 6 days, and 75% ad libitum for 4 or 6 days. In experiment 2, 500 broiler chickens were divided into 10 groups. Each treatment group was represented by five replicates of ten broilers each. One group was fed ad libitum as the control group. Three ages of feed restriction initial timing (2, 4 or 6 days of age) and three types of feed restriction (physical restriction, meal feeding, and diet dilution) were used in this experiment. They were feed-restricted for 6 days. Results showed that restricted broilers exhibited compensatory growth in both experiment except for diet dilution groups. In both experiment, FCR of restricted broilers was higher, whereas feed intake of them was lower during restriction period. FCR of restricted broilers was lower upon refeeding. Mortality was inconsistently affected by early feed restriction. Leg abnormality was lower in restricted broilers in both experiments. Level of feed restriction significantly influenced body weight, FCR and feed intake of restricted broilers (P<0.05), but duration of feed restriction had no effect. Type of restriction significantly affected body weight, feed intake and FCR (P<0.05). It appeared that to achieve the best result (complete compensatory growth and better FCR), broilers should be restricted at 25% ad libitum for 6 days (experiment 1). Meal feeding started at 2 days of age would show the best performance (Experiment 2). (Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci., 2002, 15 (9): 1319-1325).

Key words: early feed restriction, compensatory growth, leg abnormality, mortality

Effects of Early Feed Restriction on Internal Organ and Carcss Weights of Unsexed Broilers

Urip Santoso
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bengkulu University, Bengkulu Indonesia
Abstract (J. Trop. Anim. Dev., 27 (2): 61-66, 2002)
The study was conducted to evaluate effect of early feed restriction on internal organ and carcass weights of broiler chickens. Three hundred 7-day old unsexed broiler were randomly assigned to one of ten treatment groups as follows. Chicks were fed ad libitum as the control (Po), and other 9 groups were feed-restricted at level of 25% ad libitum for 3 (P1), 6 (P2) or 9 days (P3), 50% ad libitum for 3 (P4), 6 (P5) or 9 days (P6), or 75% ad libitum for 3 (P7), 6 (P8) or 9 days (P9), respectively. All chicks were fed ad libitum after the end of feed restriction. In comparison with the control, P6, P7, P8, P9 had significantly higher heart weight. Gizzard weight was significantly higher in P1, P2, P3 and P7 (P<0.05). Spleen weight was significantly higher in P1, P5, P6, P8. Intestine weight was significantly higher in P3, P5, P6, P8 as compared with Po at 42 days of age. At 56 days of age, heart weight was significantly higher in P3, P6 as compared with the Po (P<0.05). Liver weight was significantly lower in P4, P7 (P<0.05). Spleen weight was significantly lower in restricted chicks (P<0.05). At 56 days of age, carcass weights and their parts were not significantly different. In conclusion, the capacity of internal organ especially gastrointestinal tract was increased during refeeding period till 42 days of age to allow the broiler chickens achieve the normal weight at a given age.
Key words: internal organ, carcass, early feed restriction, unsexed broilers

Effect of Early Feed Restriction and High-Fat Realimentation Diet on Growth and Fat Accumulation in Broiler Chicks

Urip Santoso
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bengkulu University, Bengkulu Indonesia

Abstract (Media Veteriner, 2001, 8 (1):19-23. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of early feed restriction and high-fat realimentation diet on growth and fat accumulation in broiler chicks. Forty female broilers were obtained from a commercial hatchery and raised on cage pens. All chicks were allowed free access to feed from 1 to 7 days of age. At 7 days of age, all chicks were weighed individually, and divided into four groups as follows: The control group was fed ad libitum and the other three experimental groups were fed-restricted for 10 days at level of 55% ad libitum. At 18 days of age, broiler chicks were fed with diet containing 1, 1, 2.5 or 5.4% soybean oil ad libitum and other three treatment groups, respectively. As expected, the body weight and feed intake decreased in restricted chicks, regardless of a dietary fat level. Metabolizable energy, N utilization and feed efficiency were increased by feed restriction. It was evident that dietary fat improved these parameters further. Protein gain was significantly higher in restricted chicks as compared with the control. In conclusion, high-fat realimentation diet did not induce catch up growth in broiler chicks. High fat realimentation diet improved metabolizable energy and N utilization and feed efficiency. One factor that induced catch up growth was the higher of protein gain during realimentation period
Key words: early feed restriction, high-fat realimentation diet, fat accumulation, growth.